Aktuelle Publikationen

With the goal of enabling optical wireless communications for mobile devices, we assess a physical layer based on high-bandwidth on-off keying modulation. This allows for amplifier designs that avoid operation in a resistive mode, reducing their energy usage to a fraction. Link-level simulations show that the investigated physical layer can deal with typical frontend limitations and can operate in challenging non-line-of-sight channels.

We present a hybrid animation approach that combines example-based and neural animation methods to create a simple, yet powerful animation regime for human faces. We introduce a light-weight auto-regressive network to transform our animation-database into a parametric model. During training, our network learns the dynamics of facial expressions, which enables the replay of annotated sequences from our animation database as well as their seamless concatenation in new order.

In future wireless communication networks at terahertz frequencies, the directivity and the beam profile of the emitters are highly relevant since no additional beam forming optics can be placed in free-space between the emitter and receiver. We investigated the radiation pattern and the polarization of broadband continuous-wave (cw) terahertz emitters experimentally and by numerical simulations between 100 GHz and 500 GHz. The emitters are indium phosphide (InP) photodiodes with attached planar antenna, mounted on a hyper-hemispherical silicon lens and integrated into a fiber-pigtailed module. As both packaging and material of the emitter was identical for all devices, similarities and differences can be directly linked to the antenna structure. We found that the feeding point structure that connects photodiode and antenna has a large influence on the radiation pattern. By optimizing the feeding point, we could reduce side lobes from ?2 dB to ?13 dB and narrow the 6dB beam angle from ±14° to ±9° at 300 GHz.

This paper provides a timely overview of the field of explainable artificial intelligence (XAI). It explains the theoretical foundations of interpretability algorithms, outlines best practice aspects, demonstrates successful usage of XAI in selected application scenarios, and discusses challenges and possible future directions of this active emerging field.

This paper proposes a novel approach for coherent detection with double-side vertically illuminated photodetectors. Signal and local oscillator are injected collinearly from opposite sides of the photodetector chip. The concept inherently provides angular selective detection and can be used for developing compact, solid-state receiver modules for coherent light detection and ranging (LiDAR).

This paper gives a comprehensive overview over classic shallow and novel deep approaches to anomaly detection. We identify the common underlying principles and provide an empirical assessment of major existing methods that are enriched by the use of recent explainability techniques. We present specific worked-through examples together with practical advice and discuss open challenges.

This paper proposes a novel criterion for CNN pruning inspired by neural network interpretability: The most relevant units, i.e. weights or filters, are automatically found using their relevance scores obtained from concepts of explainable AI (XAI). By exploring this idea, we connect the lines of interpretability and model compression research.

Time-domain spectroscopy with terahertz frequencies typically requires complex and bulky systems. Here, the authors present an optoelectronics-based, frequency-domain terahertz sensing technique which offers competitive measurement performance in a much simpler system.

Externally modulated DFB lasers (EML) and vertically illuminated photodetectors are presented. Because of their excellent high-speed behavior and operation wavelength of 1310 nm, the devices are of interest for intra-data center communication. Since the EML and the photodetector chips are compatible with current systems, these devices are candidates for upgrading existing transceivers to higher baud rates. Therefore, a proof of concept for 100 GBaud data transmission with the presented components is demonstrated. Even without predistor! tion, the experiments show clearly open eye diagrams.

This paper proposes a novel, simple yet effective defense strategy for adversarial attacks on deep learning models. Our algorithm, called MALA for DEfense (MALADE), is applicable to any existing classifier, providing robust defense as well as off-manifold sample detection. In our experiments, MALADE exhibited state-of-the-art performance against various elaborate attacking strategies.

Inverse design is rapidly gaining popularity for automated design of photonic components. Two methods to improve it for large passive waveguide structures are developed: Adaptive Threshold Binarization and Hybrid Optimization. To demonstrate their capability, inverse design is applied to an InP waveguide platform for the first time. As an example, a polarizer with a PER of -19.4 dB is presented.

In this paper we present an example-based approach for visual speech synthesis. We combine the advantages of deep generative models and classical animation approaches to create a real-time capable facial animation framework based on volumetric captures.

Second harmonic generation is an efficient way to create coherent radiation at wavelengths that are not accessible with standard laser sources. In this work we demonstrate second harmonic generation from 1550 nm to 775 nm in a polymer photonic integrated circuit via the hybrid integration of a periodically poled lithium niobate crystal. The bulk crystal is inserted in an on-chip free-space section between two waveguide couple! d GRIN lenses. Fiber to fiber conversion efficiencies were 0.03 %/W for a continuous wave laser source and 100 %/W for a femtosecond laser source. Furthermore, third and fourth harmonic light at 517 nm and 388 nm was observed.

We demonstrate the benefits of a federated learning framework for (re)training of global ML models over geo-distributed data sources. The demonstration is carried out on a live edge computing enabled optical networking test-bed. In this demonstration, we perform real-time training of a QoT classifier by exploiting data of three different Domain Managers (DM), representing a multi-vendor ecosystem, without sharing any data with the Network Management System (NMS) in order to avoid transporting any data t! o a central location and to protect the privacy of different vendors while offering their knowledge to train a global ML model.

In autonomous driving, safety-related connected applications will coexist with infotainment services. We propose a multi-cell anticipatory networking framework with interference coordination based on Interference Calculus to serve diverse QoS requirements. The iterative approach optimizes packet transmission times leveraging service properties and channel distribution information.

Using the concept of a “THz-Wireless Fiber Extender” it is possible to combine the flexibility of wireless networks with the high capacity of fiber-optical networks. In this article, we report on a real-time short-range demonstration of a 100 Gb/s fiber extender and discuss the potential of long-range data transmission at 300 GHz using a 500-meter-long wireless link in Berlin, Germany.

To address the capacity crunch in optical metropolitan networks caused by the roll out of innovations in the context of 5G and beyond innovative approaches are required to increase the achievable throughput. Multi band systems are an interesting solution to address this issue. In this contribution, we investigate the capacity limits of such networks.

Using a coherent laboratory setup with up to 768 Gb/s data rate (64-GBd DP-64QAM), we experimentally show that multilevel coding (MLC) provides superior physical layer security (i.e. smaller security gaps) as compared to conventional bit-interleaved coded modulation (BICM) . MLC offers a flexible trade-off between security and net secure data rate.

Besides the biological and epidemiological factors, a multitude of social and economic criteria also govern the extent of the coronavirus disease spread within a population. Consequently, there is an active debate regarding the critical socio-economic determinants that contribute to the impact of the resulting pandemic. Here, we leverage Bayesian model averaging techniques and country level data to investigate the potential of 31 determinants, describing a diverse set of socio-economic characteristics, in explaining the outcome of the first wave of the coronavirus pandemic. We show that the true empirical model behind the coronavirus outcome is constituted only of few determinants. To understand the relationship between the potential determinants in the specification of the true model, we develop the coronavirus determinants Jointness space. The extent to which each determinant is able to provide a credible explanation varies between countries due to their heterogeneous socio-economic characteristics. In this aspect, the obtained Jointness map acts as a bridge between theoretical investigations and empirical observations and offers an alternate view for the joint importance of the socio-economic determinants when used for developing policies aimed at preventing future epidemic crises.

We demonstrate a fully packaged photodetector module based on surface-illuminated modified uni-traveling-carrier (MUTC) photodiode (PD) and investigate its DC and RF characteristics. It has a very a low dark current below 2 nA at the operational reverse bias of 4 V and a responsivity of 0.49 A/W at 1550 nm. The module shows a high f3dB bandwidth of 38 GHz for low optical input powers and excellent linearity with RF output power levels of 11.7 dBm at 40 GHz. The power conversion efficiency ? PCE was 6.7% at 40 GHz making it suitable for RF signal generation.